Shlomo Carlebach (musician)
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For the mashgiach ruchani of Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin, see Shlomo Carlebach (scholar).
| Shlomo Carlebach | |
|---|---|
| Born | January 14, 1925 Berlin, Germany |
| Died | October 21, 1994 (aged 69) en route by air to Canada |
| Cause of death | Heart failure |
| Resting place | Har HaMenuchot, Jerusalem, Israel 31.7979°N 35.179°E |
| Nationality | American, Israeli Jewish |
| Known for | Religious teacher, composer, singer, musician |
| Spouse(s) | Elaine Neila Glick |
| Children | daughters Nedara, Neshama, |
| Parent(s) | Hartwig Naftali Carlebach |
religious teacher, composer, and singer who was known as "The Singing
Rabbi" during his lifetime. Although his roots lay in traditional Orthodox yeshivot, he branched out to create his own style combining Hasidic Judaism, warmth and personal interaction, public concerts, and song-filled synagogue services. At various times he lived in Manhattan, San Francisco, Toronto and a Moshav he founded, Mevo Modi'im, Israel.
Carlebach is considered by many to be the foremost Jewish religious songwriter of the 20th century.[1][2]
In a career that spanned 40 years, he composed thousands of melodies
and recorded more than 25 albums that continue to have widespread
popularity and appeal. His influence also continues to this day in "Carlebach minyanim" and Jewish religious gatherings in many cities and remote pristine areas around the globe.
Carlebach was also considered a pioneer of the Baal teshuva movement
("returnees to Judaism"), encouraging disenchanted Jewish youth to
re-embrace their heritage, using his special style of enlightened
teaching, and his melodies, songs, and highly inspiring story telling.
Contents
Biography
Shlomo Carlebach was descended from old rabbinical dynasties in pre-Holocaust Germany. The Carlebach family is a notable Jewish family originally from Germany that now lives all over the world. He was born in 1925 in Berlin, where his father, Rabbi Hartwig Naftali Carlebach (1889–1967), was an Orthodox rabbi.[3] He had a twin brother, Rabbi Eli Chaim Carlebach. His family left Germany in 1931 and lived in Baden bei Wien, Austria and by 1933 in Switzerland.Carlebach emigrated to Lithuania in 1938 where he studied at a yeshiva. In 1938 his father became the rabbi of Congregation Kehilath Jacob, a small synagogue on West 79th Street in New York City's Upper West Side.[3] Carlebach came to New York in 1939 via Great Britain. He and his twin brother Rabbi Eli Chaim Carlebach took over the rabbinate of the synagogue after their father's death in 1967.[3][4]
Carlebach studied at Yeshiva Torah Vodaas and Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin in Brooklyn, New York, and Beth Medrash Gevoha in Lakewood, New Jersey.[5] His aptitude for Torah study was recognized by great Torah scholars and teachers, among them Rabbi Shlomo Heiman, and the Rosh Yeshiva of Bais Medrash Gevoha, Rabbi Aharon Kotler. He was considered one of the top students of Rabbi Kotler.[6] Rabbi Yitzchok Hutner, who gave Carlebach Semikha, considered it a loss to the Torah world that he chose a career in musical Jewish outreach over one as a scholar and teacher.[citation needed] During his yeshiva studies he was often asked to lead the services as a hazzan.
In 1950, Carlebach set up a small Torah learning group which he
called T.S.G.G. (pronounced TASGIG), an acronym for "Taste And See God
Is Good".[7]
That year, Carlebach attended a Hebrew language ulpan at the Jewish Theological Seminary
(JTS), where he used to play hasiddic melodies on the piano. One of
those impressed with his playing was Sara Schafler-Kelman, who invited
Carlebach to sing chasidic tunes at the Hillel Center
on Convent Avenue, an offer which he reluctantly accepted. Schafler
prepared a poster for the event, entitled "The Place of Music in the
Hassidic Tradition". This was Carlebach's first invited performance.
Years later, Carlebach said to Schafler-Kelman, "You gave me a title for
my life’s work."[7]
In 1951, Carlebach began learning English in a special program at
Columbia University, having previously conversed mainly in Yiddish.
Becoming fluent in English only at the age of 26, he developed an
unusual grammar, mixing Yiddish and English, that became his hallmark,
and later influenced the language of his followers, as well as many
other members of the neo-hassidic movement.[7]
Carlebach became a disciple of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn, the sixth Rebbe of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement.[8] From 1951-1954, he worked as one of the first emissaries (shluchim) of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the seventh Lubavitcher Rebbe who urged him to use his special skills and go to college campuses to reconnect Jews to Judaism.[6]
In 1972, he married Elaine Neila Glick, a teacher. They had two daughters, Nedara (Dari) and Neshama. Neshama Carlebach is a songwriter and singer in her own right, basing herself on her father's style and name.
Together with Rabbi Meir Kahane, who he greatly admired,[9] he organized one of the first Noahide conferences in the 1980s.[10]
Music career
Carlebach began writing songs at the end of the 1950s, primarily based on verses from the Tanakh or the Siddurset to his own music. Although he composed thousands of songs, he could
not read musical notes. Many of his soulful renderings of Torah verses
became standards in the wider Jewish community, including Am Yisrael Chai ("[The] Nation [of] Israel Lives"—composed on behalf of the plight of Soviet Jewry in the mid-1960s), Pitchu Li ("Open [for] Me [the Gates of Righteousness]") and Borchi Nafshi ("[May] My Soul Bless [God]").
The New York Times reported in its obituary of Carlebach that his singing career began in Greenwich Village, where he met Bob Dylan, Pete Seeger and other folk singers who encouraged his career, and helped him get a spot at the Berkeley Folk Festival in 1966.[3]
But Carlebach was actually recording well before this and was invited
to the festival by one of its organizers after she heard a recording of
Carlebach.[11]
After his appearance at the Berkeley Folk Festival he decided to remain in the San Francisco Bay Area
to reach out to what he called "lost Jewish souls"—runaways and
drug-addicted youth. His local followers opened a center called the
House of Love and Prayer in the Inner Richmond district of San Francisco,
to reach out to disaffected youth with song and dance and communal
gatherings. He became known as "The Singing Rabbi". Through his
infectious music and his innate caring many Jews feel that he inspired
and reconnected thousands of Jewish youngsters and adults, otherwise
lost to Judaism.
Some Carlebach melodies were entered in Israel's annual Hasidic Song Festival.[12] In 1969, his song Ve'haer Eneinu,
sung by the Shlosharim won first prize. The Hasidic festivals were a
yearly event that helped to popularize his music. He also produced
albums with a more liturgical
sound. Some of the musicians he worked with during this period added a
psychedelic tinge and a wider range of backup instrumentation. Carlebach
now spent much of his time in Israel, living in Moshav Me'or Modi'im.
Carlebach's songs were characterized by relatively short melodies and
traditional lyrics. His catchy new tunes were easy to learn and became
part of the prayer services in many synagogues around the world.[12]
Returning to New York City, Carlebach also became known for his
stories and Hasidic teachings. As part of his performances he spoke of
inspirational subjects, rooted in Hasidism and Kabbalah.
Some of his teachings have been published by his students and appear
alongside his recorded songs. Carlebach spread the teachings of Chabad, Breslov, and popularized the writings of, among others, the Rebbe of Ishbitz, Mordechai Yosef Leiner, and Rebbe Kalonymus Kalman Shapira of Piasetzno.
Carlebach became the Rabbi of the Carlebach Shul on West 79th Street. He continued to perform regularly at concerts, and to record various albums of his original melodies.
Death
Carlebach's grave.
Legacy and influence
According to Rabbi Jonathan Rosenblatt,Carlebach "changed the expectations of the prayer experience from
decorous and sombre to uplifting and ecstatic as he captivated
generations with elemental melodies and stories of miraculous human
saintliness, modesty and unselfishness."[14]
During his lifetime, Carlebach was often relegated to pariah status, marginalized by many of his peers. Because in his yeshiva years he had excelled in Talmud studies, many had hoped that he would later become a Rosh Yeshiva
or a similar figure; many harbored ill will toward his chosen path in
music and outreach. In addition, his activities in public were often not
considered proper according to traditional orthodox teachings. This
included encouraging and listening to women singing (not relatives) and
to show affection to them by kissing them, albeit in a fatherly manner.
In the years since his death, Carlebach's music has been embraced by
many faiths as spiritual music. His music can be heard today in
synagogues, Carlebach minyanim,
churches, gospel choirs and temples worldwide. Many musical groups
state that they draw inspiration from Carlebach and his music including Matisyahu, Chaim-Dovid Saracik, Sam Glaser, Moshav Band, Soulfarm, Benyamin Steinberg, Reva l'sheva, Naftali Abramson, Shlomo Katz, Eitan Katz, Gili Houpt, Yehuda Green, Aharon Razel and others. Various community leaders and rabbis were influenced by him; these include Rabbis Meir Fund, Naftali Citron, Avraham Arieh Trugman, Avi Weiss and others.
In 2003 Yeshivat Simchat Shlomo [2] was established in the Nachlaot neighbourhood of Jerusalem,
by Rabbi Shalom and Rebbetzin Judy Brodt, as a learning centre devoted
to studying traditional Jewish texts and Chassidut in the spirit of Reb
Shlomo's teachings.
A musical written about his life, Soul Doctor, by Daniel Wise was presented as a limited engagement off-Broadway in 2008 and in New Orleans in 2010, and was received with critical acclaim.[15] The musical had a brief off-Broadway run as a guest attraction at New York Theatre Workshop in the Summer of 2012,[16] and earned Eric Anderson a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical nomination for his portrayal of Shlomo Carlebach. Soul Doctor opened on Broadway August 15, 2013.
A documentary film about Carlebach directed by Boaz Shahak, You Never Know, was released at the Jerusalem Film Festival, also in 2008.[17]
Controversy
Carlebach's approach towards kiruv (the popular Hebrew term for Orthodox Judaism outreach) was often tinged with controversy.[16]Put most favorably, "He operated outside traditional Jewish structures
in style and substance, and spoke about God and His love in a way that
could make other rabbis uncomfortable."[18]
After his death, Lilith
magazine, a Jewish feminist publication, catalogued allegations of
sexual impropriety against him. Specifically, named accusers are quoted
in this article, as well as unnamed sources and Jewish communal leaders
with knowledge of the allegations.[18][19] The publication of these allegations was controversial,[16] lodged, as they were, at a time Carlebach could not respond to his accusers.[18][20]
Discography
- Haneshama Lach (Songs of My Soul) (Zimra Records, 1959)
- Borchi Nafshi (Sing My Heart) (Zimra Records, 1960)
- Shlomo Carlebach Sings (Galton 1962, recorded live)
- At The Village Gate (Vanguard, 1963)
- In The Palace Of The King (Vanguard, 1965)
- Wake Up World (Zimrani Records, 1965, Sojourn Records 2010)
- Rebuild Thy House (B'nai Bescho) (Elana Records, 1967)
- Am Yisrael Chai (1967, single)
- I Heard the Wall Singing [2 vol.] (Greater Recording Co., 1968)
- Vehaer Eynenu (Hed Arzi, 1969)
- Shlomo Carlebach Live, Let There Be Peace (Preiser, 1973, recorded in Vienna)
- Uvnei Yerushalayim (6 Million in Heaven - 3 Million in Hell) (Menorah, 1974)
- Uva'uh haovdim (Zimrani Records, 1974, "Live 10/22/74 at the Lane Sound Cube N.Y.C", single)
- Together with Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach (Hed Arzi, 1974)
- Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach Live in Concert (Yisrael B'tach BaShem) (Y&Y Productions, 1974, recorded in Brooklyn)
- Shlomo Carlebach & the Children of Jewish Song sing Ani Maamin (Emes Records, 1975)
- Live in Tel Aviv (Heichal HaTarbut) (Hed Arzi, 1976)
- Live in England (1978)
- The Essential Shlomo Carlebach (combines At The Village Gate & In The Palace of the King) (Vanguard, 1978)
- Days Are Coming (Embassy/Hal Roach Studios, 1979, Sojourn Records 2013)
- L'Kovod Shabbos (Sound Path Records, 1980, Sojourn Records 2013)
- Even Ma'asu HaBonim (1981)
- Nachamu Nachamu Ami [2 vol.] (Rare Productions, 1983, Sojourn Records 2011)
- Live in Concert (Holyland, 1984, recorded in Brooklyn)
- Shvochin Asader (1988)
- Live in Concert for the Jews of Russia (NCSY Toronto, 1988, recorded in Toronto)
- Shlomo Sings with the Children Of Israel (Hiney Anochi V'hayeladim) (1989, Sojourn Records 2011)
- Shlomo Carlebach at Festival Arad (1992)
- Shabbos with Shlomo (Noam, 1992)
- A Melave Malka In Notting Hill (1993)
- Shlomo's Greatest Stories [2 vol] (1993)
- Shabbos in Shomayim - The Last Album (1994)
- Carlebach in Jerusalem (Al Eileh) (Noam, 1995)
- Shuva (1995, originally packaged in 2 vol. cassette set: "Sweetest Friends")
- The Gift of Shabbos (1995, originally packaged in 2 vol. cassette set: "Sweetest Friends", Sojourn Records, 2013)
- Open Your Hearts (Music Made From The Soul, Vol. 1) (1986 Recordings) (Noam, 1997, Sojourn Records, 2013)
- Holy Brothers and Sisters (Music Made From The Soul, Vol. 2) (1986 Recordings) (Noam, 1997, Sojourn Records, 2013)
- HaNeshama Shel Shlomo (with Neshama Carlebach) (Sameach Music 1997, Sojourn Records, 2013)
- Days Are Coming (Sameach Music 1999, Estate of Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach Restoration Edition, Sameach) (Sojourn Records, 2013)
- Haneshama Lach - Songs of My Soul (Sameach Music 2002, Estate of Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach Restoration Edition) (Sojourn Records, 2013)
- Sing My Heart (Sameach Music 2004, Estate of Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach Restoration Edition) (Sojourn Records, 2013)
- Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach Sings (Sameach Music 2006, Estate of Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach Restoration Edition) (Sojourn Records, 2013)
- Songs of Peace (Sojourn Records, 2009)
- The Best of Shlomo Carlebach (2 CD) (Sojourn Records, 2011)
- Live In South Africa (Live in Johannesburg, 1986) (2 CD) (Sojourn Records, 2013)
See also
- Ephraim Carlebach
- Hartwig Naftali Carlebach
- Carlebach movement
- Carlebach minyan
- Baal teshuva movement
- Nigun
References
- Magid, Shaul, "Carlebach’s Broken Mirror" (1 November 2012) Tablet Magazine, Retrieved 30 December 2012
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shlomo Carlebach (musician). |
- Kol Chevra A journal of memoirs and recollections on Reb Shlomo
- The Moshav A place where you can visit and be, for tours programs and shabbatons Reb Shlomo Carlebach style
- The New York Carlebach Shul
- Yeshivat Simchat Shlomo
- Reb Shlomo Carlebach at Find-a-Grave
- "Soul Doctor", A musical about the life of Shlomo Carlebach
- Rabbi Aaron Rakeffet (1994-10-23). "Words of Hesped on Shlomo Carlebach, in first 14 minutes of lecture on 1994-10-23". YUTorah.org. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
- Carlebach Legacy Trust, Preserving the works of Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach t"zl.
Categories:
- 1925 births
- 1994 deaths
- American Orthodox rabbis
- Beth Medrash Govoha alumni
- Burials at Har HaMenuchot
- Carlebach family
- Hasidic entertainers
- Hasidic music
- Hasidic singers
- Yiddish singers
- Hazzans
- Jewish American musicians
- Jewish American songwriters
- Jewish entertainers
- Jewish religious leaders
- Musicians from Berlin
- People who emigrated to escape Nazism
- Shlomo Carlebach
- 20th-century American musicians
- Jewish folk singers
Slain
Knesset Member Rabbi Meir Kahane, together with Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach,
had organized one of the first conferences for B'nai Noah nearly 20
years ago.
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